V2G for Sustainable Energy Management and Hydrogen-Integrated Smart Microgrid Model

In this study, an integrated hybrid microgrid architecture featuring Vehicle-to-Grid  (V2G), green hydrogen production, and thermal management was designed to meet the  energy requirements of the Gebze Technical University campus using renewable energy  sources. The system was evaluated across three distinct scenarios, with the most This manuscript represents a preprint version. A revised and peer-reviewed version may  be submitted to and published in a scientific journal at a later stage.  optimal results analyzed for each. All proposed configurations were assessed as grid connected systems. Within the scope of the study, the focus remained on clean energy  production components, including photovoltaic (PV) panels, wind turbines, and  hydrogen storage tanks. The scenarios were structured as follows: Scenario 1 considers traditional fossil fuel  usage; Scenario 2 incorporates PV panels and wind turbines; and Scenario 3 builds  upon the second scenario by integrating V2G and hydrogen-derived energy. Simulation  results demonstrate that grid-tied operation enhances system stability, the  implementation of V2G reduces stationary battery costs, and hydrogen integration  strengthens long-term energy security. Consequently, the findings offer a sustainable,  economical, and reliable energy management approach for high-demand areas such as  university campuses and technology parks.