Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of the Performance of Diesel Blended Fueled Engine with Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticle as Additives

This work was conducted experimentally and theoretically in the Department of Power Mechanics Technology, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University/Al-Musayyab Technical Institute, 65 km from Baghdad, using a four-stroke, four-cylinder diesel engine. There are three fuel inputs: In the first stage, pure diesel fuel was used. The biofuel extracted from Water Hyacinth was blended with pure diesel in the second stage. Third-stage nanomaterial (Al2O3) and three mixture ratios of 50, 100, and 150 ppm were blended. The following indicators were studied under the influence of conventional fuel: Thermal efficiency of braking, specific fuel consumption, exhaust temperature, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and nitrogen oxides. While the highest value of braking thermal efficiency was recorded at half and full loads for the fuel type (D80B20N150) compared to pure diesel fuel (D100) as it reached 39%, 45%, 47%, and 48%, with increases of 6%, 7%, and 9%, respectively, compared to the conventional fuel. In comparison, the lowest braking thermal efficiency was recorded in the fuel type (D80B20) at a full load level, reaching 34%, which is an increase of 9% compared to conventional fuel. The fuel type also recorded a decrease in the consumption of fuel mixed with nanoparticles and biodiesel (BSFC) at the half and full loads, and the percentages were 52%, 55%, and 58%, respectively, compared to pure fuel (D100). The best decrease was when adding nanoparticles with biodiesel (D80B20N150) ppm. At the same time, fuel consumption (D80B20) decreased by 3% compared to pure diesel fuel. Also, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions decreased by adding biodiesel from (D80B20) to biodiesel compared to pure diesel fuel D100 at half and full loads at an engine speed of 1800 rpm. CO emissions decreased by 4%, where the best blend was (D80B20N15 0) compared to pure diesel fuel. CO2 emissions rose at half load at 1150 rpm when biodiesel was added to pure fuel, while compared to pure diesel fuel, they fell at full load and engine speed of 1800 rpm. The optimal blend was D80B20N150 relative to pure diesel fuel D100, with a reduction of 8%. The combustion of diesel fuel with biodiesel and different blends was simulated for all fuel blends. Here, the mass fraction was 11.7%, and it seems that with increasing engine speed, fraction mass was observed at (D80B20N150) higher than diesel fuel with biodiesel (D80B20). The work includes numerical analysis by using the ANSYS Fluent software. The anticipated outcomes were strongly concorded with the empirical findings. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions increased by increasing the proportion of biodiesel (D80B20) with biodiesel compared to pure diesel fuel D100 at half and full loads. The percentage of the increase was 10% compared to pure diesel fuel. When adding nanoparticles (AL2O3) to diesel fuel blends with biodiesel, a decrease in NOx emissions was observed in all blends, but the best case was at D80B20N150. With the increase of the nanoparticles at D80B20N150, the mass fraction decreased regularly less than pure diesel and biodiesel by 1.3%. It appears that with increasing speed, a decrease in mass fraction was observed for D80B20N150 compared with diesel blends biodiesel D80B20, and this decrease is considered a good factor. The unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions are also at half load for all tested mixtures. It was observed that the emissions of most tested fuels decreased D80B20N150 by 1.5% compared with pure diesel fuel by incorporating nanoparticles of aluminum oxide. The calorific value of biodiesel blends increases, viscosity diminishes, and full combustion occurs, resulting in reduced hydrocarbon emissions.