A Prototype of Mobile-Based Application for Smart Agriculture System

Agriculture plays a strategic role in Indonesia’s economy; however, the adoption of digital farming technology among farmers remains low due to limited digital literacy and complex application interfaces. This study developed a mobile-based smart farming application integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) sensors to support real-time monitoring of agricultural land conditions. The application monitored air temperature, soil moisture, and light intensity using IoT devices and presented the data through a simple and user-friendly mobile interface. The Prototype development method was applied to actively involve farmers during the early stages of system design and evaluation. The development process included user requirement identification through farmer interviews, UI/UX prototyping, application development using Flutter and Firebase, IoT data integration, and field testing. System evaluation was conducted using functional testing and usability testing with the System Usability Scale (SUS). The results showed that the application successfully displayed real-time sensor data and historical graphs, and provided timely notifications for critical land conditions. Usability testing involving ten farmers produced a SUS score of 86, indicating excellent usability and high user acceptance. The proposed mobile–IoT smart farming application demonstrated its potential to support efficient land monitoring and data-driven decision-making for farmers with limited digital experience.