Introduction for Structure, HyperStructure, SuperHyperStructure, MultiStructure, Iterative MultiStructure, TreeStructure, and ForestStructure

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Abstract

We introduce a unifying framework for algebraic and relational models by defining Structure as a nonempty carrier set equipped with one or more operations satisfying prescribed axioms. We then develop its hierarchical extensions: HyperStructure and SuperHyperStructure, which lift operations to iterated powersets and hyperoperations; MultiStructure and Iterative MultiStructure, which employ multisets and their recursive application; and TreeStructure and ForestStructure, which organize operations over rooted trees and forests of attributes. To encompass even broader constructions we introduce Any-Structure, capturing arbitrary compositions of such functorial constructors, and 𝑈-Structure, which enriches any carrier with degrees of uncertainty drawn from a chosen uncertainty model. We present Functorial Structure as the category-theoretic abstraction underpinning all these notions. Furthermore, we examine the notions of Curried Structure and Dynamic Structure. Together, these concepts generalize classical frameworks in topology, graph theory, automata, lattice and group theory, and provide a coherent foundation for modeling complex, hierarchical, and uncertain systems.

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