SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF OIL AND GAS FACILITIES FOR SENSITIVE INDEX MAPPING IN EMERGENCY RESPONSE MANAGEMENT

Introduction: This study employs geospatial techniques to evaluate the distribution of oil and gas facilities in Bayelsa State, Nigeria, and their relationship to emergency response infrastructure. The research addresses critical gaps in preparedness for industrial incidents, which pose significant risks to public safety, environmental integrity, and economic stability in this vital region of Nigeria's petroleum industry. Methods: Using a comprehensive spatial analysis framework, the research examined facility clustering patterns, emergency resource distribution, response times, and environmental vulnerabilities. Techniques included statistical clustering analysis, network analysis for route optimization, and geospatial assessment of hydrological and terrain-based risks. Results: Statistical analysis revealed significant clustering of oil infrastructure (nearest neighbor ratio: 0.9487, p-value: 0.677), which does not align with emergency resource distribution. Only 14 emergency facilities were located within 1km of oil assets, with coverage diminishing at greater distances. Network analysis demonstrated concerning response times, with the best route between key facilities requiring 3 hours 20 minutes to traverse 120.59km. Geographical impediments, including complex terrain, proximity to settlements, and hydrological vulnerabilities, were identified as major barriers to effective emergency response. Conclusion: The study highlights a critical spatial misalignment between risk distribution and response capabilities. To address these gaps, strategic interventions are proposed, including the redistribution of emergency resources, infrastructure improvements, zonal response strategies, community-based first response capabilities, and implementation of a GIS-based decision support system. These measures aim to enhance preparedness and mitigate the risks posed by industrial incidents in Bayelsa State.