Role of 5G and Satellite Convergence in Enabling Predictive and AI-Augmented Air Traffic Management

Despite the rapid advancement of aircraft avionics, global air traffic communication remains fragmented and inconsistent. This paper explores the integration of fifth-generation (5G) wireless technologies with low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems to form the backbone of next-generation air traffic management (ATM). It focuses on enabling predictive routing, AI-augmented air traffic control (ATC) decision-making, and dynamic trajectory-based operations (TBO). We analyze latency, coverage, and system reliability metrics between legacy radio systems, CPDLC, 5G terrestrial infrastructure, and LEO constellations. Case studies from the FAA’s CPDLC trials and SESAR’s 5G-AirSky program provide real-world context. We propose a layered ATM architecture and discuss implications for safety, scalability, and integration of uncrewed aerial systems.