Drastic Changes in Atmospheric CO2 Concentration Led to Biological Mass Extinction and Explosion

When the area of polar ice caps expands to a certain threshold, a positive feedback effect will occur. Due to the strong reflection of sunlight by ice and snow, the global climate will become cold and dry. CO₂ in the atmosphere will be rapidly sequestered in the seabed and permafrost through the biological carbon pump, thereby affecting plant photosynthesis, reducing NPP and the nutritional value of plants. This leads to the selective extinction of species that are large in size and those that are small in size but have high metabolic rates. Conversely, when the area of polar ice caps shrinks to a certain threshold, a positive feedback effect will also occur. Permafrost and the seabed will rapidly release CO₂ into the atmosphere, leading to a rapid increase in NPP, plant nutritional value, and species diversity. Therefore, through geoengineering to reduce the warm currents entering the Arctic Ocean, it is possible to inhibit glacier melting and global warming.