Morphological Signatures of Planetary Fusion: A Unifying Framework for Earth's Deep Heterogeneities

ABSTRACT Studies show that the theoretical feasibility, described in the literature, of gravitational interactions between celestial bodies under certain conditions may result in collisions with complete fusion of masses is acknowledged. Accordingly, the objective is to characterize their long-term structural and biological consequences. This study presents a testable conceptual model in which geophysical, geological, and biological predictions are compared with observable evidence throughout Earth's evolutionary history. The hypothesis examines possible morphological signatures of analogous planetary collision–fusion processes and their compatibility with the deep heterogeneities observed in Earth’s internal dynamics and surface composition. The effects of gravitational forces during approach, impact, and fusion suggest compatibility with morphological remnants of successful protoplanetary mergers. The model integrates mountain belts, continental fragmentation, mineral and metal deposits, and mass extinctions, unifying them in a single framework alongside geophysical evidence such as magnetic anomalies, hotspots, LLSVPs, ULVZs, water in the transition zone, and hydrocarbon reservoirs. In astronomy, these features are discussed as possible expressions of cyclical planetary reorganizations and potential correlations between recurrent events in the evolution of life and the planet.