Setting the Stage for the Inner Journey: Unraveling the Interplay of Contextual Factors and the Intensity of Ego-Dissolution in Naturalistic Psychedelic Experiences

Psychedelic substances have the potential to induce profound alterations in cognition, emotionality, and sensory perception. The quality and intensity of these subjective effects exhibit high intra- and inter-individual variability, which can potentially be accounted for by the variability in contexts in which psychedelics are used. Therefore, the aim of the present cross-sectional study was to investigate how contextual factors - both internal and external - are related to the subjective intensity of psychedelic experiences. Participants filled an online survey and reported their motivations for past use of a given substance, frequency of use in different environments and social contexts. Additionally participants filled the Ego Dissolution Inventory to evaluate the intensity of past ego-dissolution experiences. Robust linear regression analysis was performed on data from 862 psychedelic users (701 used LSD and 553 used psilocybin mushrooms) and revealed that participants consuming psychedelics for spiritual or self-healing purposes reported more intense ego-dissolution experiences, while those reporting curiosity as a motivation reported less intense ego-dissolution effects. However, the social context and physical environment did not exhibit robust associations with the reported ego-dissolution, suggesting that setting might not account for ego-dissolution in naturalistic users, or that its impact is more complex or nuanced. Therefore, our study improves understanding of how contextual factors are related to the acute psychedelic experiences in naturalistic context, and thus could contribute to improving harm reduction strategies and optimizing psychedelic-assisted therapies.