Resolving the Vacuum Energy Catastrophe through an Energy-Information Gradient Framework

The vacuum energy catastrophe, characterized by a 123-order-of-magnitude discrepancy between the quantum field theory (QFT) prediction of vacuum energy density (∼ 10113 J/m3) and the observed value (∼ 5.36 × 10−10J/m3), remains a central challenge in theoretical physics. We propose a novel energy-information gradient (EiG) framework, where the vacuum energy density is expressed as ρvac(t,x) = ρ0 ·exp(−α ·Q(t,x)), with ρ0 a characteristic energy scale, α a suppression factor, and Q(t,x) the effective complexity of the vacuum. Analytical calculations demonstrate that this framework yields ρvac ≈ 5.36 × 10−10 J/m3, matching cosmological observations, and predicts a Hubble constant H0 ≈ 72.94km/s/Mpc, consistent with local measurements. The model avoids the QFT catastrophe by exponentially suppressing unfiltered vacuum modes, offering a unified approach to cosmological dynamics. We discuss implications for cosmology, quantum mechanics, and future empirical tests, providing a pathway to resolve one of physics’ most enduring problems.