EMERGING NANOTECHNOLOGY APPROACHES FOR BLOOD DISORDERS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NANO-HEMATINICS AND PLANT-BASED NANOMEDICINES

Background: Disorders affecting blood components, such as anemia, coagulopathies, and hematologic malignancies, continue to pose significant global health burdens. Traditional therapies often fall short due to adverse effects, limited bioavailability, and insufficient targeting of disease sites.Objective: This review synthesizes current advances in nano-hematinics and plant-based nanomedicines (phyto-nanomedicines) as innovative strategies for managing blood-related conditions. These nanoscale interventions are designed to enhance therapeutic precision, bioactivity, and safety.Methods: A systematic review was conducted using major scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Search terms were carefully selected to retrieve literature published between 2015 and 2024 that discussed the use of nanotechnology in the treatment of blood disorders. Eligibility criteria included relevance to hematological applications, nanocarrier use, and study quality.Results: Findings highlight the effectiveness of iron oxide, gold nanoparticles, and liposomal formulations in improving hematologic markers and reducing systemic toxicity. Plant-derived nanomedicines incorporating agents such as curcumin and quercetin demonstrated strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hematopoietic potential. Preclinical outcomes across several studies indicate improved efficacy and pharmacokinetics.Conclusion: Both nano-hematinics and phyto-nanomedicines represent promising alternatives to conventional treatment approaches. Their ability to address therapeutic limitations while offering targeted delivery supports their future integration into hematologic care. However, clinical translation will require further investigation into long-term safety, regulatory oversight, and scalable production.