Network-Based Meta-Analysis of Sensory Processing Sensitivity: Exploring Its Relations with Personality and Temperament Traits

Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) is a personality trait characterized by heightened sensitivity to both positive and negative environmental influences. However, questions remain about whether SPS is a unique construct and how it overlaps with established temperament and personality traits. In addition, the impact of age and regional differences on these relationships is underexplored. This meta-analysis therefore aims to investigate correlations between SPS and key personality and temperament traits, and to explore the moderating effects of age (children/adolescents, adults) and regions (Europe, Asia, North America). Using data from 81 studies (N = 59,543), a network-based meta-analysis revealed SPS as an independent module in the network. Its three subdimensions showed unique patterns: Ease of Excitation (EOE) and Low Sensory Threshold (LST) were strongly and positively correlated with neuroticism, negative affectivity, and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS), whereas Aesthetic Sensitivity (AES) was correlated positively with openness, positive affectivity, and the Behavioral Activation System (BAS). Moderation analyses indicated that age and cultural region shaped these patterns, with each age group and cultural region reflecting shared yet distinct network modules. These findings highlight SPS as a unique environmental sensitivity trait both “dark” and “bright” dimensions, calling for further research into its developmental and cultural dynamics.