Dark Energy: From Virtual Spacetime to Virtual Matter

Dark energy is essentially virtual energy. The cosmic vacuum is a sea of virtual particles and virtual energy, and the mutual repulsive force among same-sign virtual mass and virtual energy drives the universe to accelerate forever. Particle spin, quantum entanglement, and black holes are empirical evidence for the existence of superluminal virtual matter. Virtual photons and virtual gravitons must move superluminally to break through the black hole event horizon in order to transmit electromagnetic and gravitational interactions. From the proportional relationship between radius and mass and other features, particles are miniature black holes, and black holes are gigantic particles. Quantization and probability are fundamental properties of the universe, and the proportions of dark energy, dark matter, and ordinary matter in the universe conform to a standard normal distribution.