Artificial Intelligence versus Human Intelligence: What Essentially Makes Us Different

In this chapter, titled "Artificial Intelligence vs. Human Intelligence: What Essentially Makes Us Different," the evolution and historical developments of artificial intelligence (AI) are explored in comparison to human intelligence. From ancient myths and the first automatons to modern advances in neural networks and deep learning, the chapter traces a line of technological and philosophical progress. Key milestones are highlighted, such as the neural network model by McCulloch and Pitts, Alan Turing's Turing Test, and the Dartmouth Conference that formalized the field of AI. The fundamental differences between AI and human intelligence are also analyzed, emphasizing the unique human ability to conceptualize, abstract, and experience subjective consciousness—skills that AI has yet to replicate. Additionally, the ethical and philosophical implications of these developments are addressed, underscoring the need for ongoing reflection to ensure that AI technologies complement and enrich the human experience without replacing it.