The Public Trust in Science Scale: A multilevel and multidimensional approach

We developed and validated the Public Trust in Science (PuTruS) Scale to recognize the multidimensional nature of the concept. Drawing on an epistemic understanding of trust in science as a perception, we integrate prior research on different levels of trust objects, emphasizing the importance of trust in scientists. Additionally, we include transparency and dialogue orientation to reflect increased public engagement expectations. Data from two German online panel surveys (nW1 = 3,439; nW2 = 1,030) points toward a five-dimensional structure (expertise, integrity, benevolence, transparency, dialogue orientation). For external validation, we used deference to scientific authority, conspiracy beliefs, and science populism.