Regulating Elections and Lobbying: A Constitutional Analysis of Iran

AbstractThis paper explores the structure and operation of electoral and lobbying mechanisms within the constitutional framework of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It evaluates the legal and institutional features that influence electoral integrity and policy advocacy, with an emphasis on formal and informal practices. While acknowledging Iran’s distinctive model that combines republican institutions with religious oversight, the paper offers a comparative perspective drawn from international experiences. It proposes context-sensitive reforms aimed at improving institutional transparency, public trust, and participatory governance, while recognizing the complexities and sensitivities of Iran’s legal and political system.