Relational Quantum Dynamics as a Topological and Categorical Graph Structure

We develop a rigorous categorical and topological framework for Relational Quantum Dynamics (RQD), formalizing a dynamic network of observers as a relational graph enriched with quantum-theoretic structure. In RQD, quantum systems and observers have no intrinsic properties, only relationships: we prove via category theory (Yoneda’s lemma) that each object (observer/system) is uniquely determined (up to isomorphism) by its web of morphisms to all others, with no additional absolute identity. This network of interactions is formalized as a structured graph of observers – mathematically, a category (and higher-dimensional generalizations) enriched with weights capturing interaction strength. We show how quantum correlations and information flow can label the graph’s edges, yielding a rich combinatorial structure. Crucially, quantum contextuality and entanglement impose topological constraints on the observer network. Using presheaf topos theory and sheaf cohomology, we prove that the absence of a global assignment of outcomes (no single “God’s-eye” view) corresponds to a nontrivial cohomology class on the relational graph. In particular, in contextual scenarios the first Čech cohomology H1 of the presheaf of local measurement outcomes is nonzero, providing a rigorous obstruction to global consistency. These results endow the relational graph with a “twisted” topology reflecting quantum connectivity constraints. We present theorem-proof developments of these ideas and discuss implications: how RQD’s relational ontology naturally explains Bell inequality violations without spooky action, how multi-observer paradoxes (Wigner’s friend) are resolved by higher-category structures, and potential links to models of consciousness via integrated information.