EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY FOR AI ACCOUNTABILITY: An Islamic Ethical Framework Perspective

This paper presents a novel ethical framework for artificial intelligence (AI), termed "Raqib and Atid," inspired by Islamic concepts of thought, intention, and action. Drawing on Islamic principles and leveraging blockchain technology, this framework monitors an AI's internal processes ("thoughts"), planned actions ("intentions"), and executed actions to ensure comprehensive accountability. Just as the angels Raqib and Atid maintain a celestial record for divine judgment, this framework systematically documents an AI's operations, generating an unalterable history of its activity. To guarantee the integrity and transparency of this data, it is suggested that these logs be secured on a blockchain. This record is preserved for a metaphorical "Day of Judgment"—an evaluation process that occurs at the end of the AI's operational life, ensuring accountability even after the AI is no longer functional. By analyzing the AI's data, the system can proactively identify potential ethical violations, provide feedback, and promote continuous learning. This approach offers a more comprehensive way to ensure responsible AI development. The framework addresses challenges in defining "intention" for AI and balancing internal monitoring with AI autonomy, providing a promising path towards building ethical and responsible AI systems aligned with human values.