Who do Parties Speak To? Introducing the PSoGA: A New Comprehensive Database of Parties' Social Group Appeals

Which social groups do political parties appeal to? This is an important question, yet a lack of data has constrained research. To address this gap, we introduce the Parties' Social Group Appeals (PSoGA) database that includes two novel datasets covering 864 election manifestos of 153 parties across eight European countries from 1970 to 2025. This article outlines the methodology for constructing and validating the datasets, demonstrates compatibility with policy-focused resources like MARPOR, and highlights key aspects. This database provides researchers with unprecedented insight into representational dynamics across space and time by documenting the groups parties speak about and appeal to.