Temporal Dynamics of Subjective Experience and Performance During a Dual-Task in Trained Cyclists

This study analyzed the temporal evolution of subjective experience (pleasure, boredom, mind wandering, and perceived physical and cognitive effort) during a 30-minute self-paced cycling task performed concurrently with a cognitive task (auditory Simon task) by trained cyclists. Subjective experience was assessed using the Temporal Experience Tracing (TET) method, which allowed participants to retrospectively trace the perceived intensity of each dimension over time. Physical performance (power output in W/kg) and cognitive performance (reaction time) were recorded continuously and analyzed in relation to the subjective trajectories. Significant interactions between time and both physical and cognitive performance emerged across several dimensions. Pleasure followed a non-linear trajectory, initially increasing and then decreasing, with significant interactions observed with both power output and reaction time. Perceived physical effort increased over time and was modulated by physical performance, whereas perceived cognitive effort remained stable and showed no association with either performance domain. Mind wandering and boredom also changed over time and were significantly associated with slower reaction times, suggesting a progressive cognitive disengagement. No significant effects were found between these dimensions and physical performance. Overall, subjective experiences displayed distinct temporal patterns and varied associations with physical and cognitive demands, along with high inter-individual variability. These findings highlight the value of assessing subjective experience in a continuous and multidimensional way and support the development of individualized approaches to training that account for both physical and cognitive demands in endurance sports.