Red shifts of photons and massive particles

Red‒shift phenomena were attributed to different mechanisms: Doppler red shifts and gravitational red shifts. Here, based on Space Motion Theory, a common mechanism of red shifts is concluded into a formula: 1+z=(Ec/Ec’)(Eqr/Eqs), where z represents the value of a red shift; (Ec/Ec’), named the photonic red shift, signifies the energy change of the photon through the vacuum distributions of the sender and/or the recipient; (Eqr/Eqs), named the massive‒particle red shift, means the absolute‒energy quantity ratio of the recipient to the sender. And, according to energy conservation and momentum conservation, the mechanism of photonic red shifts is deduced. The analyses herein verify the existence of vacuum distribution and space background mathematically.