Learning and Teaching with AI in STEM Education: An Umbrella Review

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into educational settings, particularly within Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education. However, existing research syntheses on AI in STEM are fragmented, each focusing on different subjects, leaving a lack of comprehensive understanding. To address this, we conducted a systematic review of systematic reviews, also known as an umbrella review. We identified and analyzed 13 reviews focusing on AI in STEM education covering Science, Computer Science, Mathematics, and broader STEM fields. We analyzed key implications for research and practice, research gaps, and future directions in each field, and used a wide range of quality metrics to assess trends. Our results reveal that most research focused on the development of effective AI systems, with less emphasis on their integration and practical implications. Consequently, there is a need for more rigorous and longitudinal studies to substantiate key research findings in the field. Implications for research and practice are discussed.