Chemical-Drug-Free, Ionizing-radiation-Free, and Metabolic-Interference-Free Glioblastoma Multiforme Therapy

Although there have been numerous recent advancements, the prognosis for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is still poor. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) places restrictions on GBM treatment. To enhance therapeutic effects, medicines must aggregate at the tumor site. In this review, I discussed RVG29-modified nanoplatforms which were not only able to cross the BBB, but they could accumulate specifically in cerebral glioma tissue. I also discussed the cancer treatment known as magnetic hyperthermia, which involves heating tumor tissues using magnetic nanoparticles under alternating magnetic fields. And I analyzed its use alone and in combination with other adjuvant therapies. Using modified Iron oxide nanoparticles, magnetic hyperthermia can also be used with T1/T2 MRI. Additionally, I examined the use of sonodynamic therapy as a novel and efficient non-invasive way of treating cancer cells. Moreover, I looked over research on photo penetration via the brain’s tissues. In humans’ head (scalp plus skull), the red/NIR (630-810 nm) light penetration ranged from 0.2-10%. In addition, I looked at the superadditive treatment efficacy of using Fe3O4 when combined with photodynamic and photothermal therapy, which demonstrated superior efficacy in eliminating glioma as compared to employing each treatment modality alone or in combination. Finally, according to the superadditive (i.e. “1+1>2”) effect, and the studies we reviewed I believe combining rather safe therapies, such as MHCT, PTT, and PDT with appropriate nanoplatforms that are coated with BBB and GBM cells targeting ligands, Could result in an enhanced GBM therapy and MRI monitoring.