Nanotechnology as New Strategy Against Different Dementia Types: Current State of Art

Dementia, mainly Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is quite significant worldwide. Several dementia types are expected to affect approximately 140 million people by 2025 due to the global population’s aging process. Accordingly, nanotechnology emerges as promising research field. The most important aim of nanotechnology for nanomedicine and Alzheimer’s therapy lies in developing an efficient medicine, as safe as possible, based on new assertive research substantiated by subsequent clinical studies. The fast upgrades in nanotechnology and nanomedicine observed in the last few years have opened room for achieving an AD therapy. Nanomaterials have characteristic features, such as physical and chemical stability, high surface area: volume ratios, as well as programmable production. Furthermore, it is possible customizing these nanomaterials to turn them into special candidates to be used as both therapeutic agents and nanomedicine carriers. The present review deals with upgrades and challenges posed on the diversity of AD therapy nanomaterials such as carbon nanoparticles, lipidic nanocarriers, lipid functionalized, polymeric and metallic nanoparticles, biotherapeutics (monoclonal antibodies) and clinical nanomedicine applications. It is possible to avoid, delay or stop AD progression based associated efforts in nanomedicine aimed at raising the expectation of millions of patients worldwide.