Application of Coconut (Cocos Nucifera) Water as an alternative source of Plant growth Hormones for Ginger (Zingiber Officinale) tissue culture

Background Tissue culture provides a solution for the quick propagation of ginger to overcome its constantly increasing demand due to its medicinal, spicy, and confectionery uses. Phytohormones are crucial growth regulators in plant tissue culture, and coconut water is a promising, economical, and available alternative source. This research investigated the effects of different concentrations (5%, 10%, and 20%) of coconut water obtained from two varieties (Samoan tall and Nias green) at different maturity stages (Mature and Immature) from three locations (Aboh, Ahiazu, and Ezinihitte LGA) on the height, number of leaves, vigor, survival rate, and root/shoot development of ginger plants. Results The variety, location, and maturity levels of coconut water had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on the development of the ginger plants. However, the concentration of coconut water had a significant (p > 0.05) effect on ginger development. Ginger plants cultured in MS basal medium supplemented with 10% coconut water performed as well as those in the control medium (conventional phytohormones) and showed no significant (p < 0.05) difference when compared with the 20% supplementation. Conversely, ginger cultured in 5% coconut water failed in vigor compared to the auxin-containing control. Conclusions Coconut water proved to be an effective and reliable, local, and cheap alternative source of phytohormones for the tissue culture of ginger.