Molecular Analytics of Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria Isolated from Soil

Biosurfactant products show significant potential compared to chemical surfactants due to their biodegradability, low toxicity, and eco-friendliness. This study aims to characterize the structures of biosurfactants produced by bacteria isolated from soil and to evaluate their potential in degrading petrol and oil. Biosurfactant-producing strains were selected using oil spreading tests, screening for petrol-degrading bacteria, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, and PCR-based phylogenetic analysis. In total, 5852 colonies and strains of biosurfactant producers were isolated through cultural and molecular methods. These bacteria were classified into three species: Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus. After biodegradation, the effects of petrol and olive oil, combined with cell-free supernatant, were analyzed, showing an efficient removal rate of 79.59% after 24 hours. Among the bacterial isolates, three strains demonstrated significant oil degradation capacity: Bacillus sp. With a degradation rate of 79.59%, Pseudomonas sp. At 77.55%, and Staphylococcus sp. At 67.3%. In conclusion, biosurfactant-producing bacteria were isolated from soil samples collected at the Center for Bioscience and Nanoscience Research Laboratory through screening and isolation efforts.