Identification of genetic factors associated with nicotine addiction and cancer

Cancer is the greatest cause of mortality, and tobacco smoking has been identified as the most significant risk factor for developing oral cancer. Nicotine is a primary addictive constituent of tobacco, and it is responsible for the development of cigarette addiction by stimulating the nicotinic receptor, which promotes the release of neurotransmitters in the brain, giving the smoker a pleasurable experience. A preponderance of evidence supports that tobacco smoking is the most important leading cause of cancer which is preventable. Tobacco cessation is a key component of a comprehensive approach to prevent and reduce tobacco use and save people from cancer. However, cessation programs are not found that efficient. The goal of this study was to provide an overview of smoking and the complexities of dependency, with a focus on the role of genetic factors, such as enzymes involved in nicotine metabolism and how genetic polymorphism, such as SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism), plays in the development of nicotine addiction.