Effect of glass addition into interfacial polarization and energy storage properties of (Na0.5Bi 0.5 )TiO3 based NaNbO3 ceramics

This study demonstrates a successful strategy for designing 0.25(Na _0.5 Bi _0.5 )TiO ₃ -0.75NaNbO ₃ (0.25BNT-0.75NN) based 0.025 (Ba _0.8 B _0.1 Ca _0.1 )(Zr0. ₁ Ti _0.9 )O ₃ (2.5% glass) phase for enhancement their energy storage properties and interfacial polarization suppression. The addition of glass phase foster cations disorder and disrupting long-range ordering (LRO) of BNT-NN ferroelectric phase and enhancement of relaxor degree. Furthermore, the increasing in grain resistance induced inhabitation of interfacial polarization subsequently enhancement of the dielectric breakdown strength (DBS). The activation energy (E _a ) was elevated from 0.033eV in pure BNT-NN to 0.075eV IN BNT-NN-2.5%glass. Remarkable enhancement into energy storage density of (W _rec ) = 1.45 J/cm ³ and superior energy storage efficiency (η) of 96.4%. Moreover, superior temperature stability across a broad temperature range up to 150°C was achieved in BNT-NN-based glass phase. The variant of W _rec was observed less than 3% within the whole range of applied temperature. This work offers a promising approach for generating high-performance glass-ceramic materials for advanced energy storage applications.