What is the importance of good agricultural practices to prevent mycotoxin contamination in cheese processing? Insights from Brazilian dairy farmers

This study evaluated dairy producers’ perceptions of the importance of good agricultural practices (GAP) for preventing aflatoxin contamination during cheese production in the Sertão do Araripe region, Pernambuco, Brazil. Twenty-six milk and cheese producers were interviewed in person between March and April 2022 using a structured questionnaire containing 53 statements scored on a five-point Likert scale. Hierarchical cluster analysis identified two respondent groups, and factor analysis was used to assess response structure and internal consistency. Although the producers generally recognized the value of GAP for obtaining safer food, important knowledge gaps were observed regarding aflatoxins, their fungal origin, their transfer from feed to milk and cheese, and the preventive role of feed storage and hygienic practices. Misconceptions were also found regarding the effect of heat treatment on aflatoxins and the relationship between contaminated feed and product quality. The results indicated that general awareness of farm hygiene and animal health measures was higher than specific knowledge about aflatoxin prevention. These findings suggested that targeted educational programs and extension actions are needed to strengthen producer knowledge and support the implementation of preventive practices across the dairy chain.