Integrating Microbial Diversity Analysis with Constructed Wetland Bioremediation of Industrial Wastewater Using Indigenous Immobilized Bacteria

Biological wastewater treatment is one of the most essential aspects of wastewater treatment. Microorganisms play a significant role in this process. Microorganisms influence the metabolism of many chemical compounds. The immobilized or encapsulated bacterial cells used for bioremediation have many advantages in contrast to free forms. It has improved activity, such as efficient biomass extraction from treated water, efficient spatiotemporal control of biomass within contaminated media, and long-term survival, stability, and reusability without loss of activity. In this study, immobilized bacteria were used in a hybrid subsurface flow constructed wetland for the treatment of industrial wastewater. Bacteria were isolated from wastewater, and 106 colonies of 13 different types of bacteria were found. Then, 4 bacteria ( Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus , Brevibacillus borstelensis , Pseudomonas atacamensis, and Bacillus badius ) were immobilized and used individually to treat industrial wastewater in a hybrid constructed wetland. After 9 days of treatment, results revealed that immobilized Pseudomonas atacamensis 78.94% Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), 75.47% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), 54.69% Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), 73.44% Total Suspended Solids (TSS), and 50.00% conductivity, compared to the other 3 immobilized bacteria. Immobilized microorganisms can constitute an effective method for wastewater treatment. Immobilization of bacteria enhances their performance because it prevents interruption by other factors.