Textile-based biosensors for salivary detection of Alzheimer’s Disease biomarkers

Biosensors convert biochemical reactions into measurable electrical signals and are increasingly used for disease diagnostics. Current Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) biomarker detection approaches largely rely on blood or cerebrospinal fluid sampling, which can be invasive and unsuitable for continuous monitoring. This work investigates the feasibility of textile-based biosensors for detecting AD biomarkers in saliva. Interdigitated electrodes were embroidered onto a multilayer textile substrate and coated with graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), AntiTau-GO, and AntiTau-rGO materials. Sensor stability was evaluated through electrical impedance measurements following exposure to water, phosphate buffered saline, artificial saliva, amyloid-β, and Tau proteins. Results indicate that rGO-coated sensors exhibit improved electrical stability compared with GO sensors, while AntiTau-rGO coatings demonstrate enhanced selectivity toward Tau protein.