Prevalence of low back pain among nurses in secondary health institutions in Gombe State, Nigeria

Background Low back pain (LBP) is a major occupational health problem among nurses and contributes substantially to functional limitation, work absenteeism, and reduced quality of life. Evidence on the burden of LBP among nurses in northeastern Nigeria, particularly in secondary healthcare settings, remains limited. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among nurses working in secondary health institutions in Gombe State, Nigeria. Using Fisher’s formula, 341 eligible nurses were recruited. Data were collected with a structured questionnaire incorporating the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire to ascertain LBP and validated instruments to assess occupational and psychosocial risk factors. Descriptive statistics summarized prevalence and participant characteristics, while chi-square tests examined associations between LBP and potential risk factors at a 5% significance level. Results Of 375 questionnaires distributed, 345 were returned (response rate: 99%). The 12-month prevalence of LBP was 77.7%, while the 7-day prevalence was 43.8%. More than three-quarters of respondents reported activity limitation due to LBP. Significant associations were observed between LBP and age, gender, marital status, educational level, ward posting, years of experience, shift duration, bending during work, and part-time employment. Conclusions Low back pain is highly prevalent among nurses in secondary healthcare facilities in Gombe State. Occupational demands, particularly heavy workload, prolonged shifts, and patient handling, are key contributors. Targeted ergonomic interventions, adequate staffing, and workplace health programs are urgently needed.