Single-Pulse and Double-Pulse laser systems of Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy-Based Optimization of Narrowband Optical intensity Lithium Sensor and Logic Inverter Switch device models for Lithium Detection in Single-Cell

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) offers a rapid, label-free approach for elemental analysis at the cellular level; however, its quantitative performance is often limited by plasma instability and severe self-absorption (SA) effects, particularly for lithium (Li) detection. In this work, we present a systematic investigation of Li sensing in normal and Li-induced single-cell samples using three laser systems excitation schemes: double-pulse (532 + 1064 nm), single-pulse 532 nm, and single-pulse 1064 nm LIBS. The emission spectra of Li corresponding to the resonance line at 670.8 nm were examined after applying an exponential self-absorption (SA) correction. Important plasma parameters such as plasma temperature, electron density, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and limit of detection (LOD) were determined using both the original and SA-corrected spectral data. The findings indicate that the double-pulse configuration generates significantly higher plasma temperature, electron density, and emission intensity, resulting in markedly improved analytical performance compared with the single-pulse excitation method. Application of SA correction increases Li spectra peak intensity, plasma temperature, electron density and SNR, reduces relative error in plasma diagnostics and improves calibration linearity for all laser systems. Li detection limits were determined to be 0.30 ppm for the double-pulse (532 + 1064 nm) laser system, 0.50 ppm for the single-pulse 532 nm laser system and 0.66 ppm for the single-pulse 1064 nm laser system, confirming the superior sensitivity of the double-pulse (532 + 1064 nm) laser configuration. So, this study highlights the combined advantages of dual-pulse excitation and SA correction for reliable quantitative LIBS analysis of Li at the single-cell level, providing a promising platform for biomedical and trace-element diagnostics. Also, this study’s findings further applied to realize some novel device models, which were optical intensity narrowband Li sensor model and optical intensity narrowband logic inverter switching model. These device models demonstrated significant potential for quantum communication devices, which were achieved by optimization of intensity spectra peak surface area, sensitivity contrast of Li sensor, switching contrast and switching speed. Parameter values from those device models were obtained maximum 0.6 of intensity spectra peak surface area, maximum 95% of switching contrast, 100% of sensitivity contrast of Li sensor and faster 10ns of switching speed.