A Retrospective Study on Analysis of Hematological and Biochemical Profiling in Dengue Patients

Background: Dengue is a rapidly emerging mosquito-borne viral disease that poses a major public health challenge in tropical and subtropical regions. Hematological and biochemical abnormalities are common in dengue infection and play a crucial role in disease diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate hematological and biochemical alterations in patients diagnosed with dengue infection. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted on 125 patients who underwent laboratory testing for suspected dengue infection between June 2025 and December 2025. Dengue infection was confirmed using a dengue combi rapid diagnostic test detecting NS1 antigen, IgM, and IgG antibodies. Hematological parameters were analyzed using an automated hematology analyzer, while biochemical parameters including bilirubin, SGOT, and SGPT were measured using the Cobas 6000 analyzer. Coagulation parameters such as prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and international normalized ratio (INR) were also assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: Among the 125 patients, 119 (95.2%) were dengue positive and 6 (4.8%) were malaria positive. Male patients constituted 60.8% of the study population. The most affected age group was 21–30 years. Thrombocytopenia was observed in a significant proportion of patients, with approximately 30% having platelet counts below 50,000/mm³. Leukopenia (< 4000 cells/mm³) was detected in 28% of cases. Elevated liver enzymes were observed in the majority of patients, with SGOT elevated in 74.4% and SGPT in 67.2% of patients. NS1 antigen positivity was the most common serological finding. Conclusion: Hematological abnormalities such as thrombocytopenia and leukopenia, along with elevated hepatic enzymes, are commonly associated with dengue infection. Early laboratory evaluation plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of dengue patients.