Eco-Epidemiological Model and analysis of Iris Yellow Spot Disease (IYSD) Dynamics in Onion Plants with Optimal Control Strategies
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Iris Yellow Spot Disease (IYSD), caused by Iris Yellow Spot Virus (IYSV) and transmitted by Thrips tabaci, poses a serious threat to onion production worldwide. In this study, an eco-epidemiological model is formulated to investigate the transmission dynamics of IYSD in onion plants. The model incorporates logistic growth of the host population and a nonlinear saturated incidence rate described by a Holling type II functional response. The basic reproduction number is derived using the next-generation matrix approach, and both local and global stability analyses of the equilibria are conducted. The analysis reveals the existence of a forward bifurcation at\(\:\:{\text{R}}_{0}=1\). Furthermore, global stability of the endemic equilibrium is established using Lyapunov functions and LaSalle’s invariance principle. Numerical simulations are performed to validate the analytical results and to assess the effectiveness of optimal control strategies. The findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms driving IYSD spread and offer guidance for developing efficient disease management strategies in onion production systems.
