Morphometric Signature and Geomorphic Attributes of the Mula and Pravara River Basins (Maharashtra, India)

This study employs advanced geospatial techniques to conduct a comprehensive morphometric analysis of the Mula-Pravara River Basins (MPRBs) in Maharashtra, India, elucidating their geomorphic evolution and hydrological dynamics. The Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission- Digital Elevation Model (SRTM-DEM) data and GIS techniques were used to derive over 60 morphometric parameters, including linear, aerial, basin, and relief characteristics. These parameters were analysed to assess structural controls, erosion potential, and watershed behaviour. Results reveal distinct contrasts: the Mula River Basin (MRB) exhibits a mature 7th-order drainage network with higher infiltration capacity (If = 4.80) and gentler slopes (5.75%). At the same time, the Pravara River Basin (PRB) displays stronger tectonic influence through elevated bifurcation (7.5°) and ruggedness indices (MRn = 28.99), coupled with greater runoff potential (Dd = 2.1 km/km²). Both basins exhibit elongated profiles (Re = 0.29–0.32) and youthful-to-mature characteristics, with hypsometric integrals (HI = 0.26–0.29) indicating advanced erosional maturity. Longitudinal profiles highlight knick points associated with Deccan basalt lithology, whereas meandering patterns reflect shifting fluvial regimes. The study underscores the PRBs’ heightened vulnerability to flash floods and erosion, providing critical insights for sustainable watershed management. This integrated approach demonstrates the efficacy of GIS and remote sensing in decoding landscape evolution and guiding resilience-focused planning in semi-arid fluvial systems.