An AI-discovered all-in-one ink yields cost-effective perovskite solar modules exceeding 22% efficiency

Screening optimal formulations from billions of candidates remains a key bottleneck for developing industrial perovskite photovoltaic inks, as the vast combinatorial parameter space renders trial-and-error approaches impractical. Here, we discover an all-in-one ink that, through a one-step, quench-free deposition, self-stratifies into three distinct functional layers. The discovery is accelerated by a self-constructed AI-driven framework named PerovSeek that integrates pre-trained prediction models with Bayesian optimization and high-throughput experimentation. This ink eliminates the need for separate deposition of charge-transport and passivation layers, reducing fabrication complexity by over 60%. When deployed in a slot-die coater, it yields perovskite solar modules with a certified power conversion efficiency of 22.09% (an aperture area of 695 cm2), representing one of the highest efficiencies reported for solution-processed large-area modules. By combining the all-in-one ink with quench-free deposition, this work bridges the gap between laboratory efficiency and industrial viability, establishing a direct pathway to low-cost, high-throughput manufacturing of perovskite solar modules.