Non-pharmacological interventions in caregivers over 65 years of age. Scoping review of analytical studies and reviews

Introduction : Population aging has increased the number of people over 65 years of age who assume the role of informal caregivers, affecting their own active aging process. Objectives : (1) to identify and categorize the main intervention domains described in recent literature (lifestyle, psychoeducation, and emotional support) and (2) to classify the strategies found according to the standardized Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) taxonomy, in order to facilitate their application in clinical practice. Method : A scoping review was conducted using the PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science (WOS) databases. Inclusion criteria were articles published between 2014 and 2025; in Spanish and English; publications with full-text access; and focusing on a population over 65 years of age. Review and analytical studies were included, focusing on individuals over 65 years of age and addressing the emotional, physical, social, and economic burden on caregivers, as well as interventions aimed at improving their situation. Results : Forty-nine articles were reviewed, and 12 non-pharmacological interventions were identified according to the Nursing Interventions Classification taxonomy, designed to promote active aging. The analysis identified three main intervention domains: 1) Lifestyle modification (physical activity and nutrition); 2) Psychoeducational interventions (empowerment and care management); and 3) Emotional support. Evidence suggests that multicomponent physical exercise is effective in reducing caregiver burden and improving health-related quality of life. Factors such as resilience and social support act as key protective factors against burnout. Conclusions : There is a great need for public policies that integrate coordinated social and healthcare services. Interventions should be personalized considering the advanced age of the caregiver, promoting their own autonomy and self-care to ensure the sustainability of care at home.