A Spaceborne Distributed Synthetic Aperture Multi-Scale Collaborative Imaging Method for Rapid Wide-area Electromagnetic Situation Construction

Existing spaceborne electromagnetic spectrum sensing and imaging methods suffer from limitations such as low efficiency in acquiring and characterizing the overall situational information of emitterclusters, difficulty in balancing field of view with resolution, and insufficient real - time rapid imaging capabilities. To address these issues, this paper applies synthetic aperture passive interferometric imaging technology to ground - based high - power emitter electromagnetic spectrum sensing. A system model of “Emitter - Space Transmission - Spaceborne Distributed Synthetic Aperture Collaborative Imaging” is constructed. An interleaved Y - shaped synthetic aperture joint configuration based on a distributed six - satellite formation is proposed, in which the central satellite is equipped with a 36 - element Y - shaped sub - aperture. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed joint configuration enables the simultaneous fast direct generation of wide - area situational maps and key - area high - resolution situational maps, achieving collaborative sensing with both wide coverage and high precision. Furthermore, this paper conducts research on graph-based emitter localization. To address the issue of point-source pixel overlap in brightness temperature situation maps, this article proposes a centroid-weighted method for multi-peak separation (CWM-MPS). The results indicate that the proposed joint configuration and imaging-localization methodology can significantly improve emitter detection probability and localization accuracy. Beyond localization tasks, the electromagnetic situation maps constructed in this study also possess multiple functions, including regional energy characterization, anomaly detection, and situation assessment, providing viable pathways for the future development and application of electromagnetic spectrum sensing technology.