Sociocultural Determinants of Hypertension among University Employees in Solapur, India

Introduction: Extensive global research has consistently underscored a significant prevalence of hypertension among university staff. Despite this, the sociocultural determinants influencing hypertension within this occupational group have not been thoroughly examined. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of these sociocultural factors is essential for designing effective workplace health promotion strategies. In pursuit of this goal, we conducted a cultural epidemiological survey to explore hypertension among university staff. Methodology: We used a semi-structured questionnaire, guided by the WHO STEPS Q-by-Q Guide for Non-communicable Disease Risk Factor Surveillance, to collect data on key sociodemographic variables and cardiovascular risk factors. To explore hypertension-specific illness representations, we employed a cultural epidemiological study tool known as the Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue (EMIC). Results: Our research identified a notable prevalence of hypertension (44.7%) among university staff members (n = 266). This prevalence was associated with factors such as increasing age, duration of employment, male gender, academic roles, and job insecurity. Giddiness was the most commonly reported physical symptom, while psychological stress was pinpointed as the leading cause of hypertension. Family physicians were the preferred choice for seeking help regarding this condition. Despite possessing adequate knowledge of self-care and self-management practices, employees engaged in high-risk behaviors, emphasizing the necessity for a comprehensive strategy to create an effective health promotion program for them. Conclusion: The findings from this study can guide the creation of a culturally sensitive and customized worksite health promotion program that addresses the unmet needs of university staff.