Case Report of Refractory advanced thyroid Oncocytic carcinoma

Background: Thyroid Oncocytic carcinoma (OCA), a rare differentiated thyroid carcinoma subtype, accounts for approximately 3 - 7% of cases. This malignancy is high aggressive, frequently metastasizing, and poorly responsive to radioactive iodine therapy. Standardized treatment protocols are currently lacking because its rarity. Method: We report a 67-year-old female with a >9 cm thyroid tumor, lung/bone metastases. and a history of 7-year nodules and hoarseness. Histopathology confirmed OCA with vascular invasion. Due to inoperability and financial constraints, we administered lenvatinib (16 mg/d) and sorafenib (0.4 g BID). Results: Imaging showed disease control, enabling > 1-year survival. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sorafenib and Lenvatinib) effectively control advanced OCA progression. Conclusion: This case underscores OCA’s aggressive and highlights targeted therapy as a viable option for metastatic/recrudescent disease, prolonging survival where surgery is not feasible. This adds to limited literature on advanced OCA management.