African Swine Fever (Asf) Control and Repopulation Strategies in Tropical Condition: Effectiveness of Cleaning and Disinfection Protocols

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of existing cleaning and disinfection (C&D) protocols in inactivating African swine fever virus (ASFV) on affected pig farms in Malaysia. This work also identifies farm-level biosecurity weaknesses that contribute to ASF risk. Farms with a history of ASF infection were selected on the basis of specific biosecurity and C&D criteria. A structured questionnaire was distributed to the farmers to collect information on farm background and risk factors related to C&D and water sources. Environmental swabs collected post-C&D were tested via real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Data obtained from the questionnaire survey and environmental qPCR testing were analyzed via SPSS statistical software. Chi-square tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied to determine significant differences in ASFV detection outcomes across farms and to identify associations between specific biosecurity practices and the presence of ASFV. These findings provide practical guidance for farmers, highlighting how effective C&D practices can enhance biosecurity and support repopulation efforts following ASF outbreaks.