Vitamin D Levels and Thyroid Function in Patients with Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism

Background Vitamin D deficiency is a global health problem. Over a billion people worldwide are vitamin D deficient or insufficient. Recent studies indicate that 1,25(OH)2D, the biologically active form of vitamin D, is a modulator of both the innate and adaptive immune system. Immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T- lymphocytes, and B-lymphocytes are targets for the active vitamin D [13]. Low vitamin D intake and vitamin D deficiency have been identified as a risk factor for autoimmune thyroid disease including Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Methods This is a prospective study conducted in Arogyam Medical College and Hospital (AMCH), Roorkee, India. This study was carried out over a period of 4 months extending from March 2023 to July 2023. During which 100 samples were taken. Venous blood was collected and biochemical parameters like Vitamin D, T3, T4 and TSH are analyzed using chemilumenescence assay. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results Total 100 patients were reported to the Arogyam Medical College and Hospital, Roorkee, India. In these patients, we found the mean ± SD of Vitamin D levels were as low as 16.268 ± 10.50 µl/ml in hypothyroidism patients as compared to control mean ± SD (32.641 ± 2.26). In hyperthyroidism patient the mean ± SD of Vitamin D was (39.35 ± 7.50) which is within the normal range and was statistically insignificant. TSH level was significantly high in hypothyroidism patients with the value of mean ± SD (10.03 ± 5.6) as compared in control whose Mean ± SD was 3.16 ± 1.40. Mean ± SD of TSH level in hyperthyroidism patient was 0.226 ± 0.115. Conclusion Vitamin D has been shown to have a potential beneficial role in the treatment of various autoimmune diseases. In the case of deficiency or insufficiency, supplementation is needed and either vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 can be used. Evidence on this issue deriving from clinical association studies must be taken with great caution. In fact, there are many confounding factors able to influence vitamin D concentration that have not always been properly considered in the relevant works and that can affect the relationship between vitamin D levels and thyroid diseases. Although several findings support the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases, no guidelines are currently available for or against recommending vitamin D supplementation in the prevention or therapy of thyroid disease.