Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Factor among Sepsis Suspected Pediatrics Patients, admitted at JMC Pediatrics ward, Jimma, South West Ethiopia

Background Worldwide, antibiotic resistance is thought to kill 700,000 people annually. Blood culture has a high positive predictive value and is essential for a precise diagnosis of bloodstream infections. It also provides current information on local etiologic patterns and drug sensitivities, which helps the doctor manage the patient. This study aimed to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern and associated factors. Methods An institution-based cross sectional study design was conducted from August 1 to October 30, 2023 among sepsis suspected pediatrics patients, admitted at JMC pediatrics ward, Jimma University, Oromia, Ethiopia. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was done to identify covariates associated with the outcome variables. Statistical significance considered at a p-value of less than 0.05. Results Out of 148 patients participated in the study, 55(37.2%) of them has bacterial growth. A common bacterium isolated from gram negative bacteria was klebsella pneumonia. Among 55 isolated bacterial growth Drug resistant bacteria accounts about 51(92.7%), of these XDR and PDR accounts 23(45.1%) and 19(37.3%) respectively. Young age [AOR = 6.066, 95% CI, (1.112, 33.092)], previous history of admission within last 6 months [AOR = 2.704, 95% CI, (1.264, 5.784)], prolonged hospital stay more than 14 days [AOR = 4.939, 95% CI, (1.474–16.550)] and prior exposure to antibiotics [AOR = 2.338, 95% CI (1.078–5.067)] has significant association with bacterial growth and also more likely to had resistant bacteria. Conclusion In this study the prevalence of drug resistant bacteria is high. Neonates and patients who had stayed for prolonged time in the ward were more likely to have bacterial growth and resistant bacteria. Practicing rational use of antibiotic is mandatory to decrease the high prevalence of drug resistance.