SmartGrow: An Automated Greenhouse Climate Regulation System Using DHT11 for Small-Scale Cultivation

This study presents the design, development, and evaluation of an automated greenhouse climate control system using a DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor integrated with an ESP32 microcontroller. The system addresses the limitations of manual environmental monitoring in small-scale greenhouse applications by providing continuous, real-time sensing and automated regulation of critical environmental parameters. Temperature and humidity significantly influence plant growth, and unstable conditions may result in plant stress, reduced growth efficiency, and lower yields. The proposed system continuously monitors greenhouse temperature and humidity and automatically activates a cooling fan, mist humidifier, and buzzer when predefined environmental threshold values are exceeded. The ESP32 processes sensor data and executes control decisions through a relay module, allowing timely adjustment of the greenhouse microclimate. The system was tested under multiple operational scenarios to evaluate sensor accuracy, actuator responsiveness, system reliability, and overall performance. Environmental results demonstrated that the system responded consistently according to programmed conditions, with accurate detection of environmental changes and reliable activation of control devices. Data collected over a two-week observation period showed that the automated system successfully maintained temperature and humidity within plant-optimal ranges, Correspondingly, plant growth indicators, including leaf count and leaf length, exhibited a steady increase throughout the monitoring period. The findings confirm that the DHT11-based automated greenhouse climate control system is effective in stabilizing environmental conditions, reducing the need for constant human intervention, and supporting healthy plants growth. The integration of low-cost components and simple control logic highlights the system’s practicality and suitability for small-scale greenhouse applications, educational use, and resource-limited environments.