Optimization of fucoidan by Microwave Assisted Extraction method using Box-Behnken Design and its potential bioactivity from Tropical Brown seaweed (Turbinaria decurrens) Indonesia

Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide that occurs naturally in the cell wall of brown seaweeds and has substantial biological efficacy. The physical characterization of Turbinaria decurrens powder was carried out by determining the moisture content, ash content, and pH. The optimization of fucoidan extraction was applied on the brown macroalga T. decurrens using a Box-Behnken Design (BBD) to inspect the impacts of different power (200, 450, 700), extraction time (5, 17.5, 30 min), and solvent ratio (10, 30, 50 mL) on the yield, total sugar, and total sulfate content. The optimal conditions obtained from BBD were used for fucoidan extraction from T. decurrens. The chemical composition of extracted fucoidan was evaluated, and its bioactivity, including antioxidant potential, antidiabetic activity, and anti- Helicobacter pylori activity, was assessed. The RSM predicted the optimum method of fucoidan extraction was a solvent ratio of 44.5, during 24.5 minutes and 495.5-watt power. The predicted yield from the RSM was 14.00%, while the predicted total fucose and total sulfate content were 4.8 and 0.9%. The real fucoidan extracted with the optimum method has the highest yield 14.44% with fucose 5.2% and sulfate (2.0%). The extracted fucoidan has demonstrated inhibition activity of the ABTS assay (IC ₅₀ 50.7 ug ml ^− 1 ). For the inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme activities, the IC ₅₀ obtained from fucoidan extract was > 500 ug ml ^− 1 , while the anti-Helicobacter pylori showed that fucoidan extract has inhibition activity against Helicobacter pylori. These findings could be used for various biomedical applications to improve the pharmaceutical industry.