Application of citizen science in assessing temporal and spatial variations in fish populations in the wetlands of the Elephant Marsh in Malawi

Communities in the Elephant Marsh, located in Chikwawa and Nsanje districts in southern Malawi were actively involved in assessing temporal and spatial variations in fish populations. The study aimed to determine the catch composition, size distribution, diversity and conservation status of key fish species. To achieve this, the survey deployed several complementary sampling techniques from secondary and primary data sources. Eight landing sites with their corresponding fish conservation hotspots were targeted in the marsh. The key findings of this study indicated increased dependence of communities to fishing activities with corresponding increase in fish catches. The study results further noted significant differences in fish catches and the number of species across seasons. Contrary, there were no significant variations in fish catches and the number of species across the eight sampled sites. Overall, there were no significant temporal or spatial differences in the fish species diversity, highlighting similarities in the habitat characteristics and management. The study results also revealed the maturity and conservation status of key fish species in the marsh. It further revealed the extent of illegal fishing practices in the marsh. The study results therefore demonstrated the uniqueness of Elephant Marsh with respect to seasonally specific fish populations and distribution. For the effective management and conservation of the rich and unique fisheries resources, community conservation area management plans for the respective hotspots should be developed and implemented. Policy makers should also consider reviving input control measures like closed season and fishing gear licensing for Elephant Marsh fishery.