Application of IoT with Minimum Vertex Cover in Web Based Smart Bio Toilet System and Set up its Location

Objective: The Bio Toilet represents an innovative technology for the eco-friendly, economical, and hygienic disposal of solid human waste. By utilizing a specialized bacterial inoculum, this system converts waste into biogas and purified water, offering a complete waste management solution. Method: We propose an IoT-enabled Smart Bio Toilet framework designed for smart city applications. Multiple Bio Toilets are strategically deployed across the city, each equipped with low-cost embedded devices for monitoring occupancy status (vacant or engaged) and real-time location tracking. To maximize accessibility, the distribution of Bio Toilets is optimized to ensure broad public benefit. Findings: A novel method has been introduced for determining optimal placement of Bio Toilets. Users often face delays of 5–10 minutes when toilets are occupied, leading to inconvenience and reduced productivity. Novelty: Instead of increasing the number of toilets, our approach leverages IoT technology combined with the Minimum Vertex Cover algorithm to enhance efficiency in toilet management. A smart web-based application has been developed to implement this solution, thereby addressing the identified challenges.