Valorization of Teak Wood Biomass into Nanobiochar for Environmental Remediation

Industrialization and urbanization have precipitated a sharp escalation in environmental pollution, necessitating sustainable and economical remediation strategies. Biomass-derived biochar has gained prominence in environmental applications due to its porous architecture, surface functional groups, and carbon-rich matrix. Nanobiochar, in particular, has recently attracted substantial interest for its enhanced surface area, reactivity, and adsorption capacity relative to bulk biochar. This investigation converts teak wood biomass into nanobiochar through controlled pyrolysis followed by mechanical size reduction. The product was comprehensively characterized via proximate and ultimate analyses, BET, FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and zeta potential assessments, unveiling superior physicochemical attributes conducive to remediation. Its adsorption performance was appraised for heavy metals and organic pollutants in aqueous media. Collectively, the teak wood under the experimental conditions under investigation, nanobiochar, shows promising removal effectiveness. It is also a cheap and environmentally friendly sorbent that promotes sustainable biomass valorization and pollution reduction.