Monitoring-Based Comprehensive Environmental Risk Assessment of Multi-Medium Pollutants and Spatiotemporal Differences in Three Typical Cement Plants

To support precise environmental management of cement plants, this study conducted a systematic monitoring and comprehensive risk assessment of multi-medium pollutants (noise, atmospheric pollutants, wastewater pollutants) from three typical cement plants (BC, NC, ZL) in the first and second quarters of 2024. Field monitoring data were used to evaluate single-factor risks: noise risk via national standard compliance evaluation, atmospheric non-carcinogenic risk via hazard index (HI), and wastewater ecological risk via risk quotient (RQ). Comprehensive risk integration was further performed to clarify spatiotemporal differences and identify key risk sources. Results showed that all cement plants met noise emission standards (normalized risk value = 1.000), with no excessive nuisance risk. All plants exhibited potential atmospheric non-carcinogenic risks (HI > 1), with BC cement plant having the highest air pollution risk (HI: 2.730–3.043) dominated by NOₓ and particulate matter. ZL cement plant presented high wastewater ecological risk due to excessive total phosphorus (TP, RQ = 1.310–1.500). Comprehensive risk ranked as ZL2 > BC1 > ZL1 > BC2 > NC2 > NC1, showing obvious seasonal variations driven by production load adjustment and pollution treatment efficiency. This study provides a standardized monitoring-assessment framework for multi-medium pollutants in cement plants, and the findings offer targeted technical support for regional industrial pollution management.